If I had to put it simply, the best lanes for cow flow are the ones that are comfortable under their feet, drain well, and don’t break up into mud or sharp stones. Most farms I’ve seen do well with a solid base of rock for strength, then a finer top layer, something like limestone screenings or stone dust that packs down smooth. That way cows feel sure-footed and walk at their own pace without hesitating. You don’t really want full concrete or asphalt everywhere; it’s expensive and too hard on hooves. But around the robot, yard, or main gateways, a bit of concrete with rubber mats is perfect because it’s tough and gives grip where the cows bunch up.

If I had to put it simply, the best lanes for cow flow are the ones that are comfortable under their feet, drain well, and don’t break up into mud or sharp stones. Most farms I’ve seen do well with a solid base of rock for strength, then a finer top layer, something like limestone screenings or stone dust that packs down smooth. That way cows feel sure-footed and walk at their own pace without hesitating. You don’t really want full concrete or asphalt everywhere; it’s expensive and too hard on hooves. But around the robot, yard, or main gateways, a bit of concrete with rubber mats is perfect because it’s tough and gives grip where the cows bunch up.